Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium that can cause a serious foodborne illness known as listeriosis. It is commonly found in soil, water, and some animals, and can contaminate a variety of foods, particularly dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. Research on Listeria monocytogenes focuses on understanding its virulence factors, mechanisms of pathogenesis, and developing strategies for detection and control. This bacterium is of particular concern for vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Effective prevention and control measures are essential to reduce the risk of listeriosis outbreaks.